Method and apparatus for measurement reference signal and synchronization

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatuses for measurement reference signals and synchronization signals. A user equipment (UE) includes a transceiver and a processor operably connected to the transceiver. The transceiver is configured to receive a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH). The processor is configured to decode cell identification information from at least the PSS and the SSS and to decode a master information block (MIB) from the PBCH. The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are time-division multiplexed. A same set of sequences are used for the PSS and the SSS for different carrier frequencies and different sub-carrier spacing values.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/618,014, filed Jun. 8, 2017, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/347,958, filed Jun.9, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/372,602, filedAug. 9, 2016. The above-identified patent applications are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to methods for measurementreference signals and synchronization signals. Such methods can be usedwhen a user equipment attempts to initiate initial access, performneighboring cell search, or radio resource management.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication has been one of the most successful innovationsin modern history. The demand of wireless data traffic is rapidlyincreasing due to the growing popularity among consumers and businessesof smart phones and other mobile data devices, such as tablets, “notepad” computers, net books, eBook readers, and machine type of devices.To meet the high growth in mobile data traffic and support newapplications and deployments, improvements in radio interface efficiencyand coverage is of paramount importance.

A mobile device or user equipment can measure the quality of thedownlink channel and report this quality to a base station so that adetermination can be made regarding whether or not various parametersshould be adjusted during communication with the mobile device. Existingchannel quality reporting processes in wireless communications systemsdo not sufficiently accommodate reporting of channel state informationassociated with large, two dimensional array transmit antennas or, ingeneral, antenna array geometry that accommodates a large number ofantenna elements.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods andapparatuses for CSI reporting.

In one embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes atransceiver and a processor operably connected to the transceiver. Thetransceiver is configured to receive a primary synchronization signal(PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a primary broadcastchannel (PBCH). The processor is configured to decode cellidentification information from at least the PSS and the SSS and todecode a master information block (MIB) from the PBCH. The PSS, the SSS,and the PBCH are time-division multiplexed. A same set of sequences areused for the PSS and the SSS for different carrier frequencies anddifferent sub-carrier spacing values

In another embodiment, a base station (BS) is provided. The BS includesa processor and a transceiver operably connected to the processor. Theprocessor is configured to encode cell identification information in atleast a PSS and a SSS and encode a MIB in a PBCH. The transceiver isconfigured to transmit the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The PSS, the SSS,and the PBCH are time-division multiplexed. A same set of sequences areused for the PSS and the SSS for different carrier frequencies anddifferent sub-carrier spacing values.

In another embodiment, a method for operating a UE is provided. Themethod includes receiving, by the UE, a PSS, a SSS, and a PBCH. Themethod also includes decoding cell identification information from atleast the PSS and the SSS and decoding a MIB from the PBCH. The PSS, theSSS, and the PBCH are time-division multiplexed. A same set of sequencesare used for the PSS and the SSS for different carrier frequencies anddifferent sub-carrier spacing values.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5Gcommunication system to be provided for supporting higher data ratesBeyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long TermEvolution (LTE).

Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in theart from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it can beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document. The term “couple” and its derivativesrefer to any direct or indirect communication between two or moreelements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with oneanother. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well asderivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication.The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, meaninclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaningand/or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof,means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, becontained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicablewith, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be boundto or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, orthe like. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereofthat controls at least one operation. Such a controller can beimplemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and/orfirmware. The functionality associated with any particular controllercan be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Thephrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means thatdifferent combinations of one or more of the listed items can be used,and only one item in the list can be needed. For example, “at least oneof: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, Aand B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of that is formed fromcomputer readable program code and embodied in a computer readablemedium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or morecomputer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or aportion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computerreadable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code”includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code,and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes anytype of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as readonly memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, acompact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired,wireless, optical, or other communication links that transporttransitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computerreadable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored andmedia where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as arewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughoutthis patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art shouldunderstand that in many if not most instances, such definitions apply toprior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in that like referencenumerals represent like parts:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless transmit and receive pathsaccording to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3A illustrates an example user equipment according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3B illustrates an example base station (BS) according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example beamforming architecture wherein oneCSI-RS port is mapped onto a large number of analog-controlled antennaelements;

FIG. 5A illustrates an example two-level radio resource managementaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5B illustrates an example procedure for initial access and radioresource measurement according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates several example designs for measurement RS withrepetition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example embodiment of measurement RS transmissionand its configuration signaling according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example several example designs for measurement RSwith repetition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example initial access procedure that includesreceiving PSS, SSS, PBCH, and system information according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates several example multiplexing schemes for PSS, SSS,and PBCH in time and frequency domain according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates an example several example multiplexing schemes forPSS, SSS, and PBCH in time and frequency domain according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates an example several example multiplexing schemes forPSS, SSS, and PBCH in time and frequency domain according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart for an example method 1300 wherein a UEreceives a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS), and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH)according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart for an example method 1400 wherein a BStransmits a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS), and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH)according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 through 14, discussed below, and the various embodiments used todescribe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the artwill understand that the principles of the present disclosure can beimplemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.

LIST OF ACRONYMS

2D: two-dimensional

MIMO: multiple-input multiple-output

SU-MIMO: single-user MIMO

MU-MIMO: multi-user MIMO

3GPP: 3rd generation partnership project

LTE: long-term evolution

UE: user equipment

eNB: evolved Node B or “eNB”

BS: base station

DL: downlink

UL: uplink

CRS: cell-specific reference signal(s)

DMRS: demodulation reference signal(s)

SRS: sounding reference signal(s)

UE-RS: UE-specific reference signal(s)

CSI-RS: channel state information reference signals

SCID: scrambling identity

MCS: modulation and coding scheme

RE: resource element

CQI: channel quality information

PMI: precoding matrix indicator

RI: rank indicator

MU-CQI: multi-user CQI

CSI: channel state information

CSI-IM: CSI interference measurement

CoMP: coordinated multi-point

DCI: downlink control information

UCI: uplink control information

PDSCH: physical downlink shared channel

PDCCH: physical downlink control channel

PUSCH: physical uplink shared channel

PUCCH: physical uplink control channel

PRB: physical resource block

RRC: radio resource control

AoA: angle of arrival

AoD: angle of departure

The following documents and standards descriptions are herebyincorporated by reference into the present disclosure as if fully setforth herein: 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 36.211 version 12.4.0,“E-UTRA, Physical channels and modulation” (“REF 1”); 3GPP TS 36.212version 12.3.0, “E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel coding” (“REF 2”);3GPP TS 36.213 version 12.4.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures” (“REF3”); 3GPP TS 36.321 version 12.4.0, “E-UTRA, Medium Access Control (MAC)Protocol Specification” (“REF 4”); and 3GPP TS 36.331 version 12.4.0,“E-UTRA, Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification” (“REF 5”).

To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased sincedeployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made todevelop an improved 5G or pre-5G communication system. Therefore, the 5Gor pre-5G communication system is also called a ‘Beyond 4G Network’ or a‘Post LTE System’.

The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higherfrequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands, so as to accomplish higherdata rates. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increasethe transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna,an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in5G communication systems.

In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system networkimprovement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud RadioAccess Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D)communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperativecommunication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-endinterference cancellation and the like.

In the 5G system, Hybrid FSK and QAM Modulation (FQAM) and slidingwindow superposition coding (SWSC) as an advanced coding modulation(ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as an advancedaccess technology have been developed.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wirelessnetwork 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodimentsof the wireless network 100 could be used without departing from thescope of the present disclosure.

The wireless network 100 includes a base station (BS) 101, a BS 102, anda BS 103. The BS 101 communicates with the BS 102 and the BS 103. The BS101 also communicates with at least one Internet Protocol (IP) network130, such as the Internet, a proprietary IP network, or other datanetwork. Instead of “BS”, an option term such as “eNB” (enhanced Node B)or “gNB” (general Node B) can also be used. Depending on the networktype, other well-known terms can be used instead of “gNB” or “BS,” suchas “base station” or “access point.” For the sake of convenience, theterms “gNB” and “BS” are used in this patent document to refer tonetwork infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remoteterminals. Also, depending on the network type, other well-known termscan be used instead of “user equipment” or “UE,” such as “mobilestation,” “subscriber station,” “remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,”or “user device.” For the sake of convenience, the terms “userequipment” and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to remotewireless equipment that wirelessly accesses an gNB, whether the UE is amobile device (such as a mobile telephone or smartphone) or is normallyconsidered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vendingmachine).

The gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for afirst plurality of user equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 ofthe gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, that can belocated in a small business (SB); a UE 112, that can be located in anenterprise (E); a UE 113, that can be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); aUE 114, that can be located in a first residence (R); a UE 115, that canbe located in a second residence (R); and a UE 116, that can be a mobiledevice (M) like a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, or thelike. The gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the gNB 103.The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116. In someembodiments, one or more of the gNBs 101-103 can communicate with eachother and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G, LTE, LTE-A, WiMAX, or otheradvanced wireless communication techniques.

Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and125, that are shown as approximately circular for the purposes ofillustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood thatthe coverage areas associated with gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120and 125, can have other shapes, including irregular shapes, dependingupon the configuration of the gNBs and variations in the radioenvironment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

As described in more detail below, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, andgNB 103 transmit measurement reference signals to UEs 111-116 andconfigure UEs 111-116 for CSI reporting as described in embodiments ofthe present disclosure. In various embodiments, one or more of UEs111-116 receive transmission scheme or precoding information signaled inan uplink grant and transmit accordingly.

Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network 100,various changes can be made to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless network100 could include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in anysuitable arrangement. Also, the gNB 101 could communicate directly withany number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband accessto the network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 could communicatedirectly with the network 130 and provide UEs with direct wirelessbroadband access to the network 130. Further, the gNB 101, 102, and/or103 could provide access to other or additional external networks, suchas external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless transmit and receive pathsaccording to the present disclosure. In the following description, atransmit path 200 can be described as being implemented in a gNB (suchas gNB 102), while a receive path 250 can be described as beingimplemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it will be understoodthat the receive path 250 could be implemented in a gNB and that thetransmit path 200 could be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, thereceive path 250 is configured to receive at least one measurementreference signal (RS) and at least one synchronization signal (SS)accordingly as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

The transmit path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block205, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 210, a size N Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block220, an add cyclic prefix block 225, and an up-converter (UC) 230. Thereceive path 250 includes a down-converter (DC) 255, a remove cyclicprefix block 260, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 265, a size N FastFourier Transform (FFT) block 270, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

In the transmit path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such asconvolutional, Turbo, or low-density parity check (LDPC) coding), andmodulates the input bits (such as with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequenceof frequency-domain modulation symbols. The serial-to-parallel block 210converts (such as de-multiplexes) the serial modulated symbols toparallel data in order to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N isthe IFFT/FFT size used in the gNB 102 and the UE 116. The size N IFFTblock 215 performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams togenerate time-domain output signals. The parallel-to-serial block 220converts (such as multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbolsfrom the size N IFFT block 215 in order to generate a serial time-domainsignal. The ‘add cyclic prefix’ block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix to thetime-domain signal. The up-converter 230 modulates (such as up-converts)the output of the ‘add cyclic prefix’ block 225 to an RF frequency fortransmission via a wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered atbaseband before conversion to the RF frequency.

A transmitted RF signal from the gNB 102 arrives at the UE 116 afterpassing through the wireless channel, and reverse operations to those atthe gNB 102 are performed at the UE 116. The down-converter 255down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and theremove cyclic prefix block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate aserial time-domain baseband signal. The serial-to-parallel block 265converts the time-domain baseband signal to parallel time domainsignals. The size N FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generateN parallel frequency-domain signals. The parallel-to-serial block 275converts the parallel frequency-domain signals to a sequence ofmodulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 280demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the originalinput data stream.

As described in more detail below, the transmit path 200 or the receivepath 250 can perform signaling for CSI reporting. Each of the gNBs101-103 can implement a transmit path 200 that is analogous totransmitting in the downlink to UEs 111-116 and can implement a receivepath 250 that is analogous to receiving in the uplink from UEs 111-116.Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 can implement a transmit path 200 fortransmitting in the uplink to gNBs 101-103 and can implement a receivepath 250 for receiving in the downlink from gNBs 101-103.

Each of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2B can be implemented using onlyhardware or using a combination of hardware and software/firmware. As aparticular example, at least some of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2Bcan be implemented in software, while other components can beimplemented by configurable hardware or a mixture of software andconfigurable hardware. For instance, the FFT block 270 and the IFFTblock 215 can be implemented as configurable software algorithms, wherethe value of size N can be modified according to the implementation.

Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is by way ofillustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. Other types of transforms, such as Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions,could be used. It will be appreciated that the value of the variable Ncan be any integer number (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or the like) for DFT andIDFT functions, while the value of the variable N can be any integernumber that is a power of two (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or the like) forFFT and IFFT functions.

Although FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate examples of wireless transmit andreceive paths, various changes can be made to FIGS. 2A and 2B. Forexample, various components in FIGS. 2A and 2B could be combined,further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be addedaccording to particular needs. Also, FIGS. 2A and 2B are meant toillustrate examples of the types of transmit and receive paths thatcould be used in a wireless network. Other suitable architectures couldbe used to support wireless communications in a wireless network.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example UE 116 according to the presentdisclosure. The embodiment of the UE 116 illustrated in FIG. 3A is forillustration only, and the UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 could have the same orsimilar configuration. However, UEs come in a wide variety ofconfigurations, and FIG. 3A does not limit the scope of the presentdisclosure to any particular implementation of a UE.

The UE 116 includes an antenna 305, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver310, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 315, a microphone 320, andreceive (RX) processing circuitry 325. The UE 116 also includes aspeaker 330, a processor 340, an input/output (I/O) interface (IF) 345,an input 350, a display 355, and a memory 360. The memory 360 includesan operating system (OS) program 361 and one or more applications 362.

The RF transceiver 310 receives, from the antenna 305, an incoming RFsignal transmitted by a gNB of the network 100. The RF transceiver 310down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediatefrequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent tothe RX processing circuitry 325, that generates a processed basebandsignal by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignal. The RX processing circuitry 325 transmits the processed basebandsignal to the speaker 330 (such as for voice data) or to the processor340 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

The TX processing circuitry 315 receives analog or digital voice datafrom the microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as webdata, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the processor 340.The TX processing circuitry 315 encodes, multiplexes, and/or digitizesthe outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IFsignal. The RF transceiver 310 receives the outgoing processed basebandor IF signal from the TX processing circuitry 315 and up-converts thebaseband or IF signal to an RF signal that is transmitted via theantenna 305.

The processor 340 can include one or more processors or other processingdevices and execute the OS program 361 stored in the memory 360 in orderto control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, processor340 could control the reception of forward channel signals and thetransmission of reverse channel signals by the RF transceiver 310, theRX processing circuitry 325, and the TX processing circuitry 315 inaccordance with well-known principles. In some embodiments, theprocessor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

The processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes andprograms resident in the memory 360, such as operations for CQImeasurement and reporting for systems described in embodiments of thepresent disclosure as described in embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The processor 340 can move data into or out of the memory360 as required by an executing process. In some embodiments, theprocessor 340 is configured to execute the applications 362 based on theOS program 361 or in response to signals received from gNBs or anoperator. The processor 340 is also coupled to the I/O interface 345,that provides the UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devicessuch as laptop computers and handheld computers. The I/O interface 345is the communication path between these accessories and the processor340.

The processor 340 is also coupled to the input 350 (e.g., keypad,touchscreen, button etc.) and the display 355. The operator of the UE116 can use the input 350 to enter data into the UE 116. The display 355can be a liquid crystal display or other display capable of renderingtext and/or at least limited graphics, such as from web sites.

The memory 360 is coupled to the processor 340. Part of the memory 360could include a random access memory (RAM), and another part of thememory 360 could include a Flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

As described in more detail below, the UE 116 can perform signaling andcalculation for CSI reporting. Although FIG. 3A illustrates one exampleof UE 116, various changes can be made to FIG. 3A. For example, variouscomponents in FIG. 3A could be combined, further subdivided, or omittedand additional components could be added according to particular needs.As a particular example, the processor 340 could be divided intomultiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs)and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Also, while FIG. 3Aillustrates the UE 116 configured as a mobile telephone or smartphone,UEs could be configured to operate as other types of mobile orstationary devices.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example gNB 102 according to the presentdisclosure. The embodiment of the gNB 102 shown in FIG. 3B is forillustration only, and other gNBs of FIG. 1 could have the same orsimilar configuration. However, gNB s come in a wide variety ofconfigurations, and FIG. 3B does not limit the scope of the presentdisclosure to any particular implementation of an gNB. gNB 101 and gNB103 can include the same or similar structure as gNB 102.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 370 a-370 n,multiple RF transceivers 372 a-372 n, transmit (TX) processing circuitry374, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 376. In certain embodiments,one or more of the multiple antennas 370 a-370 n include 2D antennaarrays. The gNB 102 also includes a controller/processor 378, a memory380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

The RF transceivers 372 a-372 n receive, from the antennas 370 a-370 n,incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs or other gNBs.The RF transceivers 372 a-372 n down-convert the incoming RF signals togenerate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are sent tothe RX processing circuitry 376, that generates processed basebandsignals by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignals. The RX processing circuitry 376 transmits the processedbaseband signals to the controller/processor 378 for further processing.

The TX processing circuitry 374 receives analog or digital data (such asvoice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from thecontroller/processor 378. The TX processing circuitry 374 encodes,multiplexes, and/or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generateprocessed baseband or IF signals. The RF transceivers 372 a-372 nreceive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signals from the TXprocessing circuitry 374 and up-converts the baseband or IF signals toRF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 370 a-370 n.

The controller/processor 378 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices that control the overall operation of the gNB 102.For example, the controller/processor 378 could control the reception offorward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signalsby the RF transceivers 372 a-372 n, the RX processing circuitry 376, andthe TX processing circuitry 374 in accordance with well-knownprinciples. The controller/processor 378 could support additionalfunctions as well, such as more advanced wireless communicationfunctions. In some embodiments, the controller/processor 378 includes atleast one microprocessor or microcontroller.

The controller/processor 378 is also capable of executing programs andother processes resident in the memory 380, such as an OS. Thecontroller/processor 378 is also capable of supporting channel qualitymeasurement and reporting for systems having 2D antenna arrays asdescribed in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments,the controller/processor 378 supports communications between entities,such as web RTC. The controller/processor 378 can move data into or outof the memory 380 as required by an executing process.

The controller/processor 378 is also coupled to the backhaul or networkinterface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows the gNB 102to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connectionor over a network. The interface 382 could support communications overany suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the gNB102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such asone supporting 5G or new radio access technology or NR, LTE, or LTE-A),the interface 382 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBsover a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 isimplemented as an access point, the interface 382 could allow the gNB102 to communicate over a wired or wireless local area network or over awired or wireless connection to a larger network (such as the Internet).The interface 382 includes any suitable structure supportingcommunications over a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernetor RF transceiver.

The memory 380 is coupled to the controller/processor 378. Part of thememory 380 could include a RAM, and another part of the memory 380 couldinclude a Flash memory or other ROM. In certain embodiments, a pluralityof instructions, such as a BIS algorithm is stored in memory. Theplurality of instructions are configured to cause thecontroller/processor 378 to perform the BIS process and to decode areceived signal after subtracting out at least one interfering signaldetermined by the BIS algorithm.

As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of thegNB 102 (implemented using the RF transceivers 372 a-372 n, TXprocessing circuitry 374, and/or RX processing circuitry 376) performtransmission of at least one measurement reference signal (RS) and atleast one synchronization signal (SS).

Although FIG. 3B illustrates one example of an gNB 102, various changescan be made to FIG. 3B. For example, the gNB 102 could include anynumber of each component shown in FIG. 3A. As a particular example, anaccess point could include a number of interfaces 382, and thecontroller/processor 378 could support routing functions to route databetween different network addresses. As another particular example,while shown as including a single instance of TX processing circuitry374 and a single instance of RX processing circuitry 376, the gNB 102could include multiple instances of each (such as one per RFtransceiver).

Rel.13 LTE supports up to 16 CSI-RS antenna ports that enable an gNB tobe equipped with a large number of antenna elements (such as 64 or 128).In this case, a plurality of antenna elements is mapped onto one CSI-RSport. Furthermore, up to 32 CSI-RS ports will be supported in Rel.14LTE. For next generation cellular systems such as 5G, it is expectedthat the maximum number of CSI-RS ports remain more or less the same.

For mmWave bands, although the number of antenna elements can be largerfor a given form factor, the number of CSI-RS ports—that can correspondto the number of digitally precoded ports—tends to be limited due tohardware constraints (such as the feasibility to install a large numberof ADCs/DACs at mmWave frequencies) as illustrated in embodiment 400 ofFIG. 4. In this case, one CSI-RS port is mapped onto a large number ofantenna elements that can be controlled by a bank of analog phaseshifters 401. One CSI-RS port can then correspond to one sub-array thatproduces a narrow analog beam through analog beamforming 405. Thisanalog beam can be configured to sweep across a wider range of angles(420) by varying the phase shifter bank across symbols or subframes. Thenumber of sub-arrays (equal to the number of RF chains) is the same asthe number of CSI-RS ports NCSI-PORT. A digital beamforming unit 410performs a linear combination across NCSI-PORT analog beams to furtherincrease precoding gain. While analog beams are wideband (hence notfrequency-selective), digital precoding can be varied across frequencysub-bands or resource blocks.

To enable digital precoding, efficient design of CSI-RS is an importantfactor. For this reason, three types of CSI reporting mechanismcorresponding to three types of CSI-RS measurement behavior aresupported in Rel.13 LTE: 1) ‘CLASS A’ CSI reporting that corresponds tonon-precoded CSI-RS, 2) ‘CLASS B’ reporting with K=1 CSI-RS resourcethat corresponds to UE-specific beamformed CSI-RS, 3) ‘CLASS B’reporting with K>1 CSI-RS resources that corresponds to cell-specificbeamformed CSI-RS. For non-precoded (NP) CSI-RS, a cell-specificone-to-one mapping between CSI-RS port and TXRU is utilized. Here,different CSI-RS ports have the same wide beam width and direction andhence generally cell wide coverage. For beamformed CSI-RS, beamformingoperation, either cell-specific or UE-specific, is applied on anon-zero-power (NZP) CSI-RS resource (that includes multiple ports).Here, (at least at a given time/frequency) CSI-RS ports have narrow beamwidths and hence not cell wide coverage, and (at least from the gNBperspective) at least some CSI-RS port-resource combinations havedifferent beam directions.

In scenarios where DL long-term channel statistics can be measuredthrough UL signals at a serving gNB, UE-specific BF CSI-RS can bereadily used. This is typically feasible when UL-DL duplex distance issufficiently small. When this condition does not hold, however, some UEfeedback is used for the gNB to obtain an estimate of DL long-termchannel statistics (or any of its representation thereof). To facilitatesuch a procedure, a first BF CSI-RS transmitted with periodicity T1 (ms)and a second NP CSI-RS transmitted with periodicity T2 (ms), whereT1≤T2. This approach is termed hybrid CSI-RS. The implementation ofhybrid CSI-RS is largely dependent on the definition of CSI process andNZP CSI-RS resource.

In 3GPP LTE, network access and radio resource management (RRM) areenabled by physical layer synchronization signals and higher (MAC) layerprocedures. In particular, a UE attempts to detect the presence ofsynchronization signals along with at least one cell ID for initialaccess. Once the UE is in the network and associated with a servingcell, the UE monitors several neighboring cells by attempting to detecttheir synchronization signals and/or measuring the associatedcell-specific RSs. For instance, this can be done by measuring theirReference Signal Received Powers (RSRPs). For next generation cellularsystems such as 3GPP NR (new radio access or interface), efficient andunified radio resource acquisition or tracking mechanism that works forvarious use cases (such as eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, each corresponding to adifferent coverage requirement) and frequency bands (with differentpropagation losses) is desirable. Most likely designed with a differentnetwork and radio resource paradigm, seamless and low-latency RRM isalso desirable. Such goals pose at least the following problems indesigning an access, radio resource, and mobility management framework.

First, since NR is likely to support even more diversified networktopology, the notion of cell can be redefined or replaced with anotherradio resource entity. As an example, for synchronous networks, one cellcan be associated with a plurality of TRPs (transmit-receive points)similar to a COMP (coordinated multipoint transmission) scenario in LTE.In this case, seamless mobility is a desirable feature. Second, whenlarge antenna arrays and beamforming are utilized, defining radioresource in terms of beams (although possibly termed differently) can bea natural approach. Given that numerous beamforming architectures can beutilized, an access, radio resource, and mobility management frameworkthat accommodates various beamforming architectures (or, instead,agnostic to beamforming architecture) is desirable. For instance, theframework should be applicable for or agnostic to whether one beam isformed for one CSI-RS port (for instance, where a plurality of analogports are connected to one digital port, and a plurality of widelyseparated digital ports are utilized) or one beam is formed by aplurality of CSI-RS ports. In addition, the framework should beapplicable whether beam sweeping (as illustrated in FIG. 4) is used ornot. Third, different frequency bands and use cases impose differentcoverage limitations. For example, mmWave bands impose large propagationlosses. Therefore, some form of coverage enhancement scheme is needed.Several candidates include beam sweeping (cf. FIG. 4), repetition,diversity, and/or multi-TRP transmission. For mMTC where transmissionbandwidth is small, time-domain repetition can be used to ensuresufficient coverage.

One important component to RRM and mobility management is measurement RSdesign. In 3GPP LTE, various types of measurement RS are specified—suchas CRS, PRS, and CSI-RS—that can be used to measure different entities(RSRP, positioning, CSI). For RRM and mobility management, Rel.8 CRS isthe primary RS. All these RSs are designed assuming a single-cell(“cell-specific”) paradigm. Thus, they may not be suitable for the nextgeneration cellular systems such as NR.

Therefore, there is a need for an access, radio resource, and mobilitymanagement framework that accommodates various use cases, networktopologies, and implementation schemes. In addition, there is also aneed for a measurement RS design that enables efficient radio resourceacquisition and tracking and aids the proposed access, radio resource,and mobility management framework. There is also a need for designingsynchronization signals (along with their associated UE procedures) andprimary broadcast channel that carries broadcast information (termed theMaster Information Block or MIB).

The present disclosure includes at least five components for enablingmeasurement reference signal (measurement RS) and synchronization signal(SS). A first component includes embodiments for initial access, radioresource, and mobility management procedures. A second componentincludes embodiments pertaining to measurement RS. A third componentincludes embodiments for the contents of synchronization signals (SSs)and primary broadcast channel (PBCH). A fourth component includesembodiments for synchronization signals (SSs). A fifth componentincludes embodiments for primary broadcast channel (PBCH).

Names or terms used to represent functionality are example and can besubstituted with other names or labels without changing the substance ofthis embodiment. Although example descriptions and embodiments to followassume orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA), the present disclosure canbe extended to other OFDM-based transmission waveforms or multipleaccess schemes such as filtered OFDM (F-OFDM). In the presentdisclosure, numerology refers to a set of signal parameters that caninclude subframe/slot duration, sub-carrier spacing, cyclic prefixlength, transmission bandwidth, or any combination of the these signalparameters. For brevity, both FDD and TDD are considered as the duplexmethod for both DL and UL signaling.

The present disclosure covers several components that can be used inconjunction or in combination with one another, or can operate asstandalone schemes.

For the first component (that is, embodiments for initial access, radioresource, and mobility management procedures), several exampleembodiments can be described as follows.

In one embodiment, a UE-centric access that utilizes two levels of radioresource entity is described in embodiment 500 of FIG. 5A. These twolevels can be termed as “cell” and “beam”. These two terms are used forillustrative purposes. Other terms such as radio resource (RR) 1 and 2can also be used. Additionally, the term “beam” as a radio resource unitis to be differentiated with, for instance, an analog beam used for beamsweeping in FIG. 4. This embodiment is especially relevant for, althoughnot limited to, synchronous network where cells within a network aresynchronized in time and frequency within a certain range of values.Furthermore, this embodiment is especially relevant, although notlimited to the case, when a TRP utilizes at least one antenna array thatcan be used for beamforming.

The first RR level (termed “cell”) applies when a UE enters a networkand therefore is engaged in an initial access procedure. In 510, a UE511 is connected to cell 512 after performing an initial accessprocedure that includes detecting the presence of synchronizationsignals. Synchronization signals can be used for coarse timing andfrequency acquisitions as well as detecting the cell identification(cell ID) associated with the serving cell. In this first level, the UEobserves cell boundaries as different cells can be associated withdifferent cell IDs. In FIG. 5A, one cell is associated with one TRP (ingeneral, one cell can be associated with a plurality of TRPs). Sincecell ID is a MAC layer entity, initial access involves not only physicallayer procedure(s) (such as cell search via synchronization signalacquisition) but also MAC layer procedure(s). The second RR level(termed “beam”) applies when a UE is already connected to a cell andhence in the network. In this second level, UE 511 can move within thenetwork without observing cell boundaries as illustrated in embodiment550. That is, UE mobility is handled on beam level rather than celllevel, where one cell can be associated with N beams (N can be 1 or >1).Unlike cell, however, beam is a physical layer entity. Therefore, UEmobility management is handled solely on physical layer—hence requiringphysical layer procedure(s) without MAC layer procedure(s).

An example of UE mobility scenario based on the second level RR is givenin embodiment 550 of FIG. 5A. After UE 511 is associated with theserving cell 512, UE 511 is further associated with beam 551. This isachieved by acquiring a beam or radio resource (RR) acquisition signalfrom that the UE can acquire a beam identity or identification. Anexample of beam or RR acquisition signal is a measurement referencesignal (RS). Upon acquiring a beam (or RR) acquisition signal, UE 511can report a status to the network or an associated TRP. Examples ofsuch report include a measured beam power (or measurement RS power) or aset of at least one recommended beam identity. Based on this report, thenetwork or the associated TRP can assign a beam (as a radio resource) toUE 511 for data and control transmission. When UE 511 moves to anothercell, the boundary between the previous and the next cells is neitherobserved nor visible to UE 511. Instead of cell handover, UE 511switches from beam 551 to beam 552. Such a seamless mobility isfacilitated by the report from UE 511 to the network or associatedTRP—especially when UE 511 reports a set of M>1 preferred beamidentities by acquiring and measuring M beam (or RR) acquisitionsignals. Therefore, synchronization signals are acquired only duringinitial access. Once a UE is connected to the network and associatedwith a cell, UE mobility is handled on beam level and cell boundariesare no longer observed—thereby attaining the so-called “one cell” or“boundary-less cell” network (from UE perspective). Hence,synchronization signals need no longer be acquired. Instead, beam (RR)acquisition signals (such as measurement RSs) are used for radioresource management (RRM). In other words, cell ID (a MAC layer entity,carried by synchronization signal(s)) is acquired only during initialaccess whereas “beam ID” (a physical layer entity, carried by beam (RR)acquisition signal such as a measurement RS) is acquired for mobilityand/or RRM. Once the UE is in the network, the UE is not required toacquire or monitor cell ID(s) from synchronization signals. Either cellID(s) become irrelevant for the UE or are signaled to the UE inassociation with an acquired beam ID.

This, of course, does not preclude some UE implementations that make useof synchronization signals, in addition to beam (RR) acquisitionsignals, to assist beam (RR) acquisition or tracking for UE mobility.

The above framework can also be described in embodiment 560 of FIG. 5Bwhere 570 illustrates the aforementioned initial access procedure and570 the aforementioned mobility or radio resource management from theperspective of a UE. The initial access procedure 570 includes cell IDacquisition from DL synchronization signal(s) 571 as well as retrievalof broadcast information (that can include system information requiredby the UE to establish DL and UL connections) followed by ULsynchronization (that can include random access procedure) 572. Once theUE completes 571 and 572, the UE is connected to the network andassociated with a cell 573.

Following the completion of initial access procedure, the UE, possiblymobile, is in an RRM state described in 580. This state includes, first,an acquisition stage 581 where the UE can periodically (repeatedly)attempt to acquire a “beam” or RR ID from a “beam” or RR acquisitionsignal (such as a measurement RS). The UE can be configured with a listof beam/RR IDs to monitor. This list of “beam”/RR IDs can be updated orreconfigured by the TRP/network. This configuration can be signaled viahigher-layer (such as RRC) signaling or a dedicated L1 or L2 controlchannel. Based on this list, the UE can monitor and measure a signalassociated with each of these beam/RR IDs. This signal can correspond toa measurement RS resource such as that analogous to CSI-RS resource inLTE. In this case, the UE can be configured with a set of K>1 CSI-RSresources to monitor. Several options are possible for measurementreport 582. First, the UE can measure each of the K CSI-RS resources,calculate a corresponding RS power (similar to RSRP or RSRQ in LTE), andreport it to the TRP (or network). Second, the UE can measure each ofthe K CSI-RS resources, calculate an associated CSI (that can includeCQI and potentially other CSI parameters such as RI and PMI), and reportit to the TRP (or network). Based on the report from the UE, the UE isassigned M≥1 “beams” or RRs either via a higher-layer (RRC) signaling oran L1/L2 control signaling (583). Therefore the UE is connected to theseM “beams”/RRs 584.

For certain scenarios such as asynchronous networks, the UE can fallback to cell ID based or cell-level mobility management similar to 3GPPLTE. Therefore, only one of the two levels of radio resource entity(cell) is applicable. Such information, whether the UE should assumebeam-level mobility (where cell boundaries are neither observed norvisible from UE perspective) or cell-level mobility (where cellboundaries are observed and visible from UE perspective), can beobtained once a UE is connected to the network. This can be signaled viaa DL control signaling, whether on L1, MAC, and/or RRC level.

When a two-level (“cell” and “beam”) radio resource entity or managementis utilized, synchronization signal(s) can be designed primarily forinitial access into the network. For mmWave systems where analog beamsweeping (cf. FIG. 4) or repetition can be used for enhancing thecoverage of common signals (such as synchronization signal(s) andbroadcast channel), synchronization signals can be repeated across time(such as across OFDM symbols or slots or subframes). This repetitionfactor, however, is not necessarily correlated to the number ofsupported “beams” (defined as radio resource units, to be differentiatedwith the analog beams used in beam sweeping) per cell or per TRP.Therefore, beam identification (ID) is not acquired or detected fromsynchronization signal(s). Instead, beam ID is carried by a beam (RR)acquisition signal such as measurement RS. Likewise, beam (RR)acquisition signal does not carry cell ID (hence, cell ID is notdetected from beam or RR acquisition signal).

For the second component (that is, embodiments pertaining to measurementRS), several example embodiments can be described as follows. In thepresent disclosure, a “beam” or radio resource (RR) ID is carried in a“beam” or RR acquisition signal. Other terms can also be used torepresent the same or analogous functionality.

In one embodiment (embodiment I), this “beam”/RR acquisition signal is(or at least includes) a measurement RS that can be configured for a UEusing a same resource configuration as CSI-RS. The CSI-RS resourceallocation for this measurement RS can be in addition to the resourceallocation used for CSI measurements. This separate resource allocationfor the measurement RS carrying a “beam”/RR ID can be configured with acertain time and/or frequency resolution, time and/or frequency span, aswell as the number of ports. The “beam”/RR ID can be included orsignaled in the bit sequence of the measurement RS.

In this embodiment, the measurement RS can be either coverage(“beam”/RR-specific or non-UE-specific) CSI-RS or UE-specific CSI-RS.When this measurement RS is UE-specific, it can be transmitted usingdifferent UE-specific CSI-RS resource configurations but carries thesame “beam”/RR-specific ID.

Although this measurement RS is intended for “beam”/RR acquisitionsignal, it can also be used for CSI measurement (both DL-CSI for CSIreporting, and UL-CSI when DL-UL reciprocity holds) when applicable.

In addition, this measurement RS can be configured to support differentcoverage enhancement schemes such as repetition (especially for narrowband analogous to a small number of PRB s in LTE MTC (Machine-typeCommunication) or NB-IoT (Narrow-B and Internet-of-Things)) or analogbeam sweeping (cf. FIG. 4). For this functionality, a time-domainrepetition factor NREP,T can be configured. This time-domain repetitioncan be performed across time units such as across OFDM symbols, slots,or subframes. For instance, if the chosen time unit is OFDM symbol, theinformation conveyed by the measurement RS (such as the “beam”/RR ID) isrepeated across NREP,T consecutive OFDM symbols.

For mmWave where beam sweeping is used (cf. FIG. 4), repetition acrossNREP,T consecutive OFDM symbols is used to increase the coverage of themeasurement RS. The CSI-RS ports involved in repetition can either be asubset of all the ports, or all the ports. In case of analog beamsweeping (cf. FIG. 4), the set of analog beams swept for a given digitalantenna port can either be a subset of all analog beams or all theanalog beams. In a first example, only 1 port sweeps a subset or allbeams. In a second example, a strict subset of ports sweepsimultaneously either a same set of beams (that can be a subset or allbeams) or different sets of beams (each of that can be a subset or allbeams, and these two subsets can either overlap or not). In a thirdexample, all ports sweep simultaneously using either a same set of beams(that can be a subset or all beams) or different sets of beams (each ofthat can be a subset or all beams, and these two subsets can eitheroverlap or not).

Alternatively, this repetition can also be done in frequency domain. Forthis functionality, a frequency-domain repetition factor NREP,F can beconfigured. This frequency-domain repetition can be performed acrossfrequency units such as across groups of sub-carriers, PRBs, or groupsof PRBs.

Repetition of measurement RS can be illustrated in embodiment 600 ofFIG. 6. Three examples 610, 620, and 630 are given for time-domainrepetition with NREP,T=4, and example 640 for frequency-domainrepetition with NREP,F=2. For at least one of these four examples in600, one DL slot includes 7 OFDM symbols and one DL subframe includestwo slots. In example 610, time-domain repetition of measurement RS isperformed across 4 consecutive OFDM symbols (denoted 611) within asubframe/slot that contains measurement RS. Here, measurement RS istransmitted every other subframe/slot. In example 620, time-domainrepetition of measurement RS is performed across 4 consecutive slotswhere each instance of measurement RS occupies only 1 OFDM symbol(denoted 621). In example 630, time-domain repetition of measurement RSis performed across 4 consecutive subframes where each instance ofmeasurement RS occupies only 1 OFDM symbol (denoted 631). In example640, frequency-domain repetition of measurement RS is performed across 2consecutive PRBs (demoted 641) within one OFDM symbol. Such an instanceof measurement RS transmission is repeated in every other subframe/slot.

All or at least one of the replicas or repetitions of measurement RScarry the same “beam” or radio resource (RR) ID.

In addition, this measurement RS can be used for time and/or frequencytracking (fine timing/frequency acquisition). For this purpose, CSI-RSresource configuration also includes time-frequency CSI-RS pattern forone subframe/slot-PRB unit.

Therefore, a DL measurement RS can be configured for a UE using a CSI-RSresource configuration with the following features. First, a “beam” orradio resource ID is included in and can be detected from themeasurement RS. This ID can be included either as a part of a RS bitsequence, encoded into a RS sequence, or encoded into a time-frequencypattern of the RS. Second, the resource configuration includes thenumber of ports and time-frequency resolution (for OFDMA, the number ofresource elements used across sub-carriers and OFDM symbols). Third, theresource configuration also includes a repetition factor NREP,T in timedomain and/or NREP,F in frequency domain that indicate the number oftime-domain and/or frequency domain replicas, respectively. Time-domainrepetition can be performed across time units such as across OFDMsymbols, slots, or subframes. Frequency-domain repetition can beperformed across frequency units such as across groups of sub-carriers,PRBs, or groups of PRBs. At least one of these parameters can beconfigured for a UE via higher-layer (RRC) signaling (for example, thenumber of ports, time-frequency pattern, and/or repetition factor). Therest of the parameters, if any, can be configured for a UE via L1/L2control signaling. The configuration or reconfiguration can be done forUEs that are in a CONNECTED state.

For measurement RS, the configured number of (CSI-RS) ports can be thesame or different from that used for CSI measurement. In general,however, a small number of antenna ports, such as one or two, can beused especially when beamforming is applied on measurement RS.

In terms of DL transmission and UE measurement, a DL measurement RS canbe configured periodically or aperiodically. When a DL measurement RS isperiodically transmitted or measured, a higher layer CSI-RS (or CSI-RSlike) resource configuration that includes periodicity and reportingoffset (such as subframe/slot offset) can be used. This configurationremains until reconfiguration occurs. Alternatively, a measurement RSindicator field can be included in a DL (L1) control signaling toindicate the presence of a DL measurement RS within the subframe/slot orTTI (or time unit used for packet scheduling). This is illustrated in aDL timing diagram embodiment 700 in FIG. 7. For a given subframe/slot(or TTI, or, in general, a time unit for packet scheduling andtransmission), a DL control region 711 is transmitted at the beginningof the subframe/slot. A UE receives and attempts to detect either anassignment/grant for DL and/or UL transmissions in the remainder of theDL subframe/slot 712. In addition, the UE can attempt to detect thepresence of a measurement RS indicator field. This RS indicator fieldcan be included in a grant/assignment (either DL or UL) or signaled in aseparate channel. Likewise, this RS indicator field can be signaled as aUE-specific entity (hence masked or labeled with UE identification suchas UE-specific RNTI or C-RNTI), or alternatively, a TRP/cell/RR commonentity (hence masked or labeled with a TRP or cell or RR specific RNTI),or alternatively, UE-group-specific entity (such as group RNTI) where aDL control signaling conveys some control information pertaining to agroup of UEs. Upon detecting the presence of this RS indicator field,the UE measures a DL measurement RS 714. The measurement RS indicatorfield 713 can include a trigger to indicate a one-shot measurement RStransmission (that is, the presence of measurement RS only in the samesubframe/slot/TTI/scheduling time unit as the DL control that includesindicator field 713). Alternatively, it can include a trigger toindicate a multi-shot measurement RS transmission (that is, the presenceof measurement RS in a plurality of subframes/TTIs/scheduling timeunits, starting either from the subframe/slot containing the indicatorfield 713 or a subframe/slot after, with a certain periodicity). In thiscase, a measurement RS indicator field activates or deactivatestransmission and UE measurement of the DL measurement RS. Therefore,this scheme is applicable whether a DL measurement RS is transmittedand/or measured periodically or aperiodically.

This measurement RS indicator field 713 can include only the triggerdescribed above. Alternatively, this measurement RS indicator field caninclude (or be signaled together with) at least one more parameter suchas that that indicates the location of the measurement RS, thetime-frequency pattern of the RS, or the periodicity in case it is usedfor multi-shot transmission.

In a variation of embodiment I, when multiple instances of DLmeasurement RS are transmitted or measured (that is, NREP,T>1 orNREP,F>1), different “beam”/RR IDS can be included in differentinstances of this DL measurement RS. Using two of the four examples inFIG. 6, embodiment 800 of FIG. 8 illustrates this variation ofembodiment I. In both embodiments 810 and 840, “beam”/RR IDs are cycledacross different instances of DL measurement RS.

For the third component (that is, contents of SS and PBCH), severalexample embodiments can be described as follows.

In one embodiment (embodiment III.1), following LTE, primary andsecondary synchronization signals (PSS and SSS, respectively) can becharacterized in TABLE 1. PSS/SSS is used for coarse timing andfrequency synchronization and cell ID acquisition. Since PSS/SSS istransmitted twice per 10 ms radio frame and time-domain enumeration isintroduced in terms of System Frame Number (SFN, included in the MIB),frame timing is detected from PSS/SSS to avoid the need for increasingthe detection burden from PBCH. In addition, cyclic prefix (CP) lengthand, if unknown, duplexing scheme can be detected from PSS/SSS. SincePSS/SSS detection can be faulty (due to, for instance, non-idealities inthe auto- and cross-correlation properties of PSS/SSS and lack of CRCprotection), cell ID hypotheses detected from PSS/SSS can occasionallybe confirmed via PBCH detection. PBCH is primarily used to signal theMaster Block Information (MIB) that includes DL and UL system bandwidthinformation (3 bits), PHICH information (3 bits), and SFN (3 bits).Adding 10 reserved bits (for other uses such as MTC), the MIB payloadamounts to 24 bits. After appended with a 16-bit CRC, a rate-1/3tail-biting convolutional coding, 4× repetition, and QPSK modulation areapplied to the 40-bit codeword. The resulting QPSK symbol stream istransmitted across 4 subframes spread over 4 radio frames. Other thandetecting MIB, blind detection of the number of cell-specific RS (CRS)ports is also needed for PBCH.

TABLE 1 Example of contents of PSS/SSS and PBCH following LTE LTEPSS/SSS LTE PBCH Function Coarse time-frequency MIB acquisition,[confirming synchronization & cell ID cell ID acquisition] acquisitionParameters included Cell ID (504 hypotheses), frame MIB: system BW (3bits), timing (2 hypotheses) PHICH info (3 bits), SFN (8 bits) + [10reserved bits] Need for blind detection CP size (from SSS), [TDD vs.Number of CRS ports FDD] Reliability Low to moderate High (protectedwith 16-bit CRC + 1/48 effective code rate)

In some other embodiments below, especially for 5G NR, it is desirableto minimize the number of hypotheses associated with synchronizationsignals (termed the nrSS in the present disclosure, that can includenrPSS and nrSSS) and PBCH (termed the nrPBCH in the present disclosure,that includes MIB). In the following embodiments, MIB payload can beminimized by not including PHICH information (that is not needed whenthe number of symbols used for DL control channel, such as PDCCH, doesnot change from subframe/slot to subframe/slot). In this case, MIBincludes DL and UL system bandwidth information and SFN, but not PHICHinformation.

At least the following design issues can be identified. First, what isthe transmission bandwidth for nrSS and nrPBCH? Second, is DL numerology(as discussed in FIGS. 5a and 5B, that can include CP length,sub-carrier spacing, and/or subframe/slot duration) a UE-specific orcell-specific feature (or alternatively RRU-specific or“beam”-specific)? Third, if nrSS is transmitted N times within one nrSSperiod (such as when beam sweeping is used, cf. FIG. 6), symbol orsubframe/slot timing needs to be detected. In this case, what is a goodmechanism to convey such timing information?

The first issue is related to the minimum DL system bandwidth supportedby NR. Note that 20 MHz DL reception is used for UE category 1 or above(a UE category is characterized by peak data rate and soft buffer size).The 1.4 MHz (6-PRB) minimum BW is decided from network perspective (e.g.re-farming of GSM/GPRS carriers). For LTE, PSS/SSS and PBCH aretransmitted with a minimum and known bandwidth at a known location infrequency domain (center 6 PRBs). Since the location is fixed, there isno need for a UE to detect the location and transmission bandwidth forPSS/SSS and PBCH. System bandwidth information (that is cell-specific)is included in the MIB (hence transmitted via PBCH).

For 5G NR, if nrSS and/or nrPBCH are system-bandwidth-dependent(transmitted with the same system bandwidth as other signals andchannels—system bandwidth and nrSS/nrPBCH transmission bandwidth aredifferent), system bandwidth information needs to be detected (eitherblindly or explicitly) from nrSS. However, this option is less preferreddue to reliability issue of nrSS. The number of possible systembandwidth values (at least 8—from LTE, and possibly more for NR) andlocation hypotheses can be too large to be included in nrSS.

Based on the above consideration, the following option embodiments aredescribed as follows.

In one embodiment (embodiment III.2), nrSS (that can include nrPSS andnrSSS) and/or nrPBCH are transmitted with a known bandwidth (such as theminimum system bandwidth). For this embodiment, system bandwidthinformation that is used for other signals and channels (such as PDSCHor PUSCH) is included in the MIB. This system bandwidth information canrepresent all the possible system bandwidth values.

In another embodiment (embodiment III.3), at least one of nrSS (that caninclude nrPSS and nrSSS) and nrPBCH with one out of a small number(BW_(SS) and/or BW_(PBCH)) of possible nrSS/PBCH transmission bandwidthvalues (for instance, BW_(SS)=2 or BW_(PBCH)=2). For this embodiment,system bandwidth information that is used for other signals and channels(such as PDSCH or PUSCH) is included in the MIB. This (full) systembandwidth information can represent all the possible system bandwidthvalues. Alternatively, if the system bandwidth is correlated withnrSS/nrPBCH transmission bandwidth, partial system bandwidth informationcan be included in the MIB. Examples of such a correspondence are givenin the tables below.

Here, bandwidth can be described either in terms of a number offrequency-domain resource blocks (such as that analogous to RB or PRB inLTE) or in Hertz (Hz). The description in terms of the number offrequency-domain resource blocks is preferred.

In TABLE 2A, nrSS and nrPBCH are transmitted with (occupy) the samebandwidth. Depending on the system bandwidth, nrSS and/or nrPBCH occupyone of the two bandwidth values (BW₁ or BW₂ where BW₁<BW₂). As example,BW₁=1.4 MHz (or a number of PRBs associated with it, such as 6 PRBs) andBW₂=10 MHz (or a number of PRBs associated with it, such as 50 PRBs). Inthis case, the transmission bandwidth for nrSS/nrPBCH can either besignaled via nrSS (such as nrSSS, hence doubling the number ofhypotheses in nrSS) or blindly detected from nrSS and/or nrPBCH.

TABLE 2A Example correspondence between system bandwidth and nrSS/nrPBCHtransmission bandwidth System bandwidth nrSS bandwidth nrPBCH bandwidthSystem BW ≤ BW₂ BW₁ BW₁ System BW > BW₂ BW₂ BW₂

In TABLE 2B, on the other hand, nrSS is transmitted with (occupies) onebandwidth value BW₁, while nrPBCH can be transmitted (occupy) one of thetwo bandwidth values (BW₁ and BW₂). Depending on the system bandwidth,nrPBCH occupies one of the two bandwidth values (BW₁ or BW₂ whereBW₁<BW₂). In this case, the transmission bandwidth for nrPBCH can eitherbe signaled via nrSS (such as nrSSS, hence doubling the number ofhypotheses in nrSS), nrPBCH (hence doubling the number of hypotheses inthe MIB), or blindly detected from nrPBCH.

TABLE 2B Example correspondence between system bandwidth and nrSS/nrPBCHtransmission bandwidth System bandwidth nrSS bandwidth nrPBCH bandwidthSystem BW ≤ BW₂ BW₁ BW₁ System BW > BW₂ BW₂

In TABLE 2C, nrSS includes nrPSS and nrSSS where nrPSS is transmittedwith (occupies) one bandwidth value BW₁, while nrSSS and nrPBCH can betransmitted (occupy) one of the two bandwidth values (BW₁ and BW₂).Depending on the system bandwidth, nrSSS and nrPBCH occupy one of thetwo bandwidth values (BW₁ or BW₂ where BW₁<BW₂). In this case, thetransmission bandwidth for nrSSS and nrPBCH can either be signaled vianrSS (such as nrSSS, hence doubling the number of hypotheses in nrSS),nrPBCH (hence doubling the number of hypotheses in the MIB), or blindlydetected from nrSSS and/or nrPBCH.

TABLE 2C Example correspondence between system bandwidth and nrSS/nrPBCHtransmission bandwidth nrPBCH System bandwidth nrPSS bandwidth nrSSSbandwidth bandwidth System BW ≤ BW₂ BW₁ BW₁ BW₁ System BW > BW₂ BW₂ BW₂

In either of the above option embodiments (described in the tables), onefixed and known location of nrSS/nrPBCH is used, at least for a givenscenario (such as for a carrier frequency). However, this does notpreclude having different frequency-domain locations for differentscenarios.

The above examples can be extended for P>2 bandwidth values {BW₁, BW₂, .. . , BW_(P)}. For instance, with P=4, TABLE 2C can be extended ineither TABLE 2D (where nrSSS and nrPBCH can be transmitted (occupy) onebandwidth value) or TABLE 2E (where nrSSS and nrPBCH can be transmitted(occupy) one of two bandwidth values).

TABLE 2D Example correspondence between system bandwidth and nrSS/nrPBCHtransmission bandwidth nrPBCH System bandwidth nrPSS bandwidth nrSSSbandwidth bandwidth System BW ≤ BW₂ BW₁ BW₁ BW₁ BW₂ < System BW ≤ BW₂BW₂ BW₃ BW₃ < System BW ≤ BW₃ BW₃ BW₄ System BW > BW₄ BW₄ BW₄

TABLE 2E Example correspondence between system bandwidth and nrSS/nrPBCHtransmission bandwidth nrPBCH System bandwidth nrPSS bandwidth nrSSSbandwidth bandwidth System BW ≤ BW₂ BW₁ BW₁ BW₁ BW₂ < System BW ≤ BW₂BW₂ BW₃ BW₃ < System BW ≤ BW₃ BW₃ BW₃ BW₄ System BW > BW₄ BW₄ BW₄

In either of the above option embodiments (described in the tables), onefixed and known location of nrSS/nrPBCH is used, at least for a givenscenario (such as for a carrier frequency). However, this does notpreclude having different frequency-domain locations for differentscenarios.

In another embodiment (embodiment III.4), at least one of nrPSS andnrSSS, and/or nrPBCH, occupy a set of frequency-domain resources(transmission bandwidth) that scales with sub-carrier spacing (nrSS canbe transmitted with variable numerology). This is relevant when at leastone of nrPSS and nrSSS is transmitted with variable sub-carrier spacing.When nrPSS is transmitted in this manner, one common sequence is usedfor nrPSS irrespective of the sub-carrier spacing. Likewise, when nrSSSis transmitted in this manner, one common sequence is used for nrSSSirrespective of the sub-carrier spacing.

For the second issue, numerology (that includes any combination of CPlength, sub-carrier spacing, and/or subframe/slot length) for dataand/or dedicated control can either be UE-specific or cell- (or “RRU”-)specific. This can be related to whether nrSS and/or nrPBCH aretransmitted with fixed/common numerology. For data and/or dedicatedcontrol transmission, if numerology is UE-specific (that is,multiplexing UEs with different numerologies within one TTI is allowed),numerology information is configured via higher-layer signaling (thatis, RRC-configured). This allows a TRP to multiplex multiple datatransmissions via TDM (time-division multiplexing), FDM(frequency-division multiplexing), or SDM (space-division multiplexing,such as multi-user MIMO). On the other hand, if the numerology iscell/RRU-specific (hence common for all UEs within a cell/RRU),numerology information can be signaled either in MIB or SIB-x as a partof broadcast information. For nrSS (that can include nrPSS and nrSSS)and nrPBCH transmission (as well as other common channels), thefollowing option embodiments are possible.

In one embodiment (embodiment III.5), a fixed and common numerology isused for nrSS (that can include nrPSS and nrSSS) and nrPBCHtransmission. For example, a fixed and common sub-carrier spacing isused. For this embodiment, cell-specific numerology information (such assub-carrier spacing) can be included in the MIB to allow variablenumerology for system information (SI-x) transmission. Here, adesignated DL assignment can be used for indicating a transmission ofsystem information in a given TTI where the DL assignment also carriesan indicator analogous to LTE's SI-RNTI. In this case, systeminformation can be received by a UE after the UE decodes the MIB fromnrPBCH.

In another embodiment (embodiment III.6), variable numerology can beused for nrSS (that can include nrPSS and nrSSS) and nrPBCH transmissionwhere all the possible values of sub-carrier spacing used for datachannel transmission are applicable. For example, variable sub-carrierspacing (one value selected from {15, 30, 60, 120} kHz) can be used fornrSS (that can include nrPSS and nrSSS) and nrPBCH transmission. Here,the transmission bandwidth depends on whether a common synchronizationsequence is used for nrPSS and/or nrSSS transmitted with differentvalues of sub-carrier spacing. If a common sequence is used,transmission bandwidth linearly scales with the value of sub-carrierspacing. On the other hand, if the transmission bandwidth is kept thesame for different values of sub-carrier spacing, different sequencelengths (hence different sequences) are used for different values ofsub-carrier spacing. Since sub-carrier spacing (as well as transmissionbandwidth) is to be assumed at the UE for receiving and demodulatingnrPSS/nrSSS, sub-carrier spacing (as well as transmission bandwidth) canbe detected blindly at the UE. That is, the UE can repeat reception anddemodulation of nrPSS/nrSSS by assuming different values of sub-carrierspacing (as well as transmission bandwidth).

In another embodiment (embodiment III.7), variable numerology can beused for nrSS (that can include nrPSS and nrSSS) and nrPBCH transmissionwhere only a subset of all the possible values of sub-carrier spacingused for data channel transmission are applicable. For example, if {15,30, 60, 120} kHz can be used for data channel transmission, variablesub-carrier spacing (one value selected from {15, 60} kHz) can be usedfor nrSS (that can include nrPSS and nrSSS) and nrPBCH transmission.Here, the transmission bandwidth depends on whether a commonsynchronization sequence is used for nrPSS and/or nrSSS transmitted withdifferent values of sub-carrier spacing. If a common sequence is used,transmission bandwidth linearly scales with the value of sub-carrierspacing. On the other hand, if the transmission bandwidth is kept thesame for different values of sub-carrier spacing, different sequencelengths (hence different sequences) are used for different values ofsub-carrier spacing. Since sub-carrier spacing (as well as transmissionbandwidth) is to be assumed at the UE for receiving and demodulatingnrPSS/nrSSS, sub-carrier spacing (as well as transmission bandwidth) canbe detected blindly at the UE. That is, the UE can repeat reception anddemodulation of nrPSS/nrSSS by assuming different values of sub-carrierspacing (as well as transmission bandwidth).

For this embodiment, cell-specific numerology information (such assub-carrier spacing) can be included in the MIB to allow variablenumerology for system information (SI-x) transmission. Here, adesignated DL assignment can be used for indicating a transmission ofsystem information in a given TTI where the DL assignment also carriesan indicator analogous to LTE's SI-RNTI. In this case, systeminformation can be received by a UE after the UE decodes the MIB fromnrPBCH. Two options are possible. First, full cell-specific numerologyinformation (such as sub-carrier spacing) is included in the MIB. Thisis relevant when there is no correlation between the numerology used fornrSS and nrPBCH and the numerology used for system informationtransmission. Second, partial cell-specific numerology information (suchas sub-carrier spacing) is included in the MIB. This is relevant whenthere is some correlation between the numerology used for nrSS andnrPBCH and the numerology used for system information transmission. Forexample, when 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing is for nrSS/nrPBCH, possiblesub-carrier spacing values for system information transmission can beeither 15 kHz or 30 kHz. When 60 kHz sub-carrier spacing is fornrSS/nrPBCH, possible sub-carrier spacing values for system informationtransmission can be either 60 kHz or 120 kHz.

UE-specific numerology for data and/or dedicated control transmissioncan be used in conjunction with cell-specific numerology for commonchannel/signal (such as nrPSS, nrSSS, and/or nrPBCH) transmission. Thecell-specific numerology for common channel/signal is either known ordetected from at least one of the common channel/signals. Once a UEacquires the MIB, system information, and establishes an RRC connection,a UE receives a higher-layer configuration for the UE-specificnumerology for data and/or dedicated control transmission. This isillustrated in example method 900 of FIG. 9. In step 910, a UE detectscell-specific numerology from nrPSS and/or nrSSS. In this example, thiscell-specific numerology corresponds to sub-carrier spacing. Since thesame sub-carrier spacing is used for nrPBCH, the acquired knowledge ofcell-specific sub-carrier spacing can be used to decode the MIB fromnrPBCH in step 920. Continuing with steps 930 (reading SystemInformation) and 940 (UL synchronization and random access), the UE hasestablished an RRC connection with a TRP or a cell (hence inRRC_CONNECTED state) (step 950). The UE can receive RRC configurationsincluding UE-specific numerology configuration that is used for data anddedicated control transmission.

For the third issue, multiple (N>1) transmissions of nrSS (that caninclude nrPSS and nrSSS) and/or nrPBCH within one transmission period(for instance, 10 ms radio frame) across N OFDM symbols implies thattiming information, such as symbol timing, needs to be detected by a UE.In this case, symbol timing refers to the symbol number (or index)within one transmission period or one subframe/slot. Two scenarios withmultiple transmissions are as follows.

In scenario 1, nrSS/nrPBCH is repeated N times across N OFDM symbols.The purpose of such repetition is to enhance nrSS/nrPBCH coverage withinone transmission period. To benefit from the coverage gain of N-timerepetition, N should be taken into account by a UE. The value of N caneither be fixed in the specification (hence signaling or blind decodingis not needed) or varied (hence blind detection is needed). If timingneeds to be detected, it is automatically detected upon nrSSacquisition.

Therefore, in one embodiment (embodiment III.8), nrSS (that can includenrPSS and nrSSS) and/or nrPBCH are transmitted with multiple N>1 copiesacross N OFDM symbols within one transmission period. The value of N caneither be fixed in the specification (hence signaling or blind decodingis not needed) or varied (hence blind detection is needed).

In scenario 2, beam cycling or beam sweeping across N beams across NOFDM symbols is applied on nrSS/nrPBCH. This scenario is especiallyrelevant when mmWave analog/hybrid beamforming architecture (also termedthe “multi-beam” architecture) is used. Therefore, for each of nrPSS,nrSSS, and nrPBCH, different beams are used across N different symbols.Unlike in scenario 2, the coverage gain from beamforming can be obtainedfrom detecting and demodulating only one of N symbols. Therefore, thevalue of N does not need to be taken into account by the UE. That is, Ncan be made transparent to the UE during nrSS acquisition. However,timing hypothesis needs to be detected either during nrSS (eitherexplicit hypotheses or blind detection) or nrPBCH (either explicithypotheses or blind detection) acquisition. The following optionembodiments are applicable.

Therefore, in another embodiment (embodiment III.9), nrSS (that caninclude nrPSS and nrSSS) and/or nrPBCH are transmitted N times across NOFDM symbols within one transmission period. In this case, the value ofN is neither specified nor detected by the UE. Timing information isincluded in nrSS (either in nrPSS or nrSSS). This timing information canbe a symbol timing parameter that corresponds to a symbol index withinone subframe/slot or TTI. For example, if one subframe/slot or TTIincludes NSYM OFDM symbols, the value of the symbol index ranges from 0to (NSYM−1). Alternatively, the symbol timing parameter can correspondto a symbol index within one radio frame or one transmission period fornrSS/nrPBCH. This timing information is to be detected by the UE uponreceiving nrSS (either nrPSS or nrSSS).

In another embodiment (embodiment III.10), nrSS (that can include nrPSSand nrSSS) and/or nrPBCH are transmitted N times across N OFDM symbolswithin one transmission period. In this case, the value of N is neitherspecified nor detected by the UE. Timing is included in the MIB (andhence in nrPBCH). This timing information can be a symbol timingparameter that corresponds to a symbol index within one subframe/slot orTTI. For example, if one subframe/slot or TTI includes NSYM OFDMsymbols, the value of the symbol index ranges from 0 to (NSYM−1).Alternatively, the symbol timing parameter can correspond to a symbolindex within one radio frame or one transmission period for nrSS/nrPBCH.This timing information is to be detected by the UE. This timinginformation is to be detected by the UE upon decoding the MIB fromnrPBCH.

In another embodiment (embodiment III.11), nrSS (that can include nrPSSand nrSSS) and/or nrPBCH are transmitted N times across N OFDM symbolswithin one transmission period. In this case, the value of N is neitherspecified nor detected by the UE. Timing information (such as symboltiming, either within a subframe/slot or a radio frame or a transmissionperiod) is not included in nrSS or nrPBCH. Therefore, this timinginformation is to be detected blindly from either nrSS or nrPBCH orboth.

Based on the above considerations, some examples are described in TABLE3 below.

TABLE 3 Parameters included in nrSS and nrPBCH - examplesSynchronization signals: Primary BCH: Example nrSS (nrPSS/nrSSS) nrPBCHA1 Parameters included Cell ID (N_(CID) hypotheses), MIB: systembandwidth symbol timing (N_(SYM) information (n₁ bits), hypotheses) SFN(8 bits), numerology info (n₂ bits) + [m reserved bits] Need for blindn/a n/a detection A2 Parameters included Cell ID (N_(CID) hypotheses)MIB: system bandwidth information (n₁ bits), SFN (8 bits), numerologyinfo (n₂ bits), symbol timing (n₃ bits) + [m reserved bits] Need forblind n/a n/a detection A3 Parameters included Cell ID (N_(CID)hypotheses) MIB: system bandwidth information (n₁ bits), SFN (8 bits),numerology info (n₂ bits) + [m reserved bits] Need for blind n/a Symboltiming detection B1 Parameters included Cell ID (N_(CID) hypotheses),MIB: system bandwidth symbol timing (N_(SYM) information (n₁ bits),hypotheses) SFN (8 bits), + [m reserved bits] Need for blind n/a n/adetection B2 Parameters included Cell ID (N_(CID) hypotheses) MIB:system bandwidth information (n₁ bits), SFN (8 bits), symbol timing (n₃bits) + [m reserved bits] Need for blind n/a n/a detection B3 Parametersincluded Cell ID (N_(CID) hypotheses) MIB: system bandwidth information(n₁ bits), SFN (8 bits), + [m reserved bits] Need for blind n/a Symboltiming detection

In the above examples, it is assumed that when transmit diversity isused for nrSS or nrPBCH, a UE-transparent transmit diversity scheme isused. Therefore, only one antenna port is used for nrSS/nrPBCHtransmission.

System bandwidth information included in the MIB can include both DL andUL system bandwidth information. Alternatively, only DL system bandwidthinformation is included in the MIB while UL system bandwidth informationis included as a part of system information.

Numerology information in the MIB can include one or a plurality ofparameters such as sub-carrier spacing, CP length, and/or OFDM symbolduration (or subframe/slot length).

A variation of the above examples can be devised by including a need forblind detection of transmission bandwidth associated with at least oneof nrPSS, nrSSS, and nrPBCH. This transmission bandwidth is not the sameas the system bandwidth. However, the transmission bandwidth of nrPSS,nrSSS, and/or nrPBCH can be correlated with the system bandwidth asdescribed in TABLE 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E. In this case, the payloadassociated with system bandwidth information included in the MIB can bereduced since the system bandwidth can be inferred from bothtransmission bandwidth of nrPSS/nrSSS/nrPBCH and the system bandwidthinformation in the MIB.

Another variation of the above examples can be devised by including aneed for blind detection of cell-specific numerology information from atleast one of nrPSS and nrSSS (see method 900 of FIG. 9). This isrelevant, for example, when nrPSS/nrSSS/nrPBCH can be transmitted withvariable sub-carrier spacing. In this case, a UE performs blinddetection of sub-carrier spacing from nrPSS and/or nrSSS.

While cell-specific numerology information such as cell-specificsub-carrier spacing can be detected from nrPSS and/or nrSSS in thevariation described in the preceding paragraph, another variation is toinclude this cell-specific numerology information in the MIB (such as inexamples A1, A2, and A3). Therefore, this cell-specific numerology isnot used for nrPSS and/or nrSSS. But it can be used for at least one ofnrPBCH as well as transmission resource in the data channel containingSystem Information.

In examples B1, B2, and B3, cell-specific numerology information isneither included in nor blindly detected from nrPSS/nrSSS/nrPBCH. Inthis case, common signals/channels (including nrPSS, nrSSS, nrPBCH,and/or transmission resource carrying System Information) aretransmitted with a fixed and common numerology (such as sub-carrierspacing).

In examples A3 and B3, symbol timing is blindly detected from nrPBCH.Alternatively, symbol timing can be blindly detected from nrPSS and/ornrSSS. Yet another variation of examples A3 and B3 is not to detectsymbol timing at all. This variation is especially relevant forsingle-beam scenario where a UE can assume that nrPSS and/or nrSSS aretransmitted only once (N=1). Since there is only one location for nrPSSand/or nrSSS in time-domain, symbol timing is automatically known upon asuccessful detection of nrPSS and/or nrSSS.

For the fourth component (that is, embodiments for SS), several exampleembodiments can be described as follows. In the present disclosure,synchronization signal includes primary and secondary synchronizationsignals (PSS and SSS, or nrPSS and nrSSS). In design embodiments givenbelow, nrSS includes nrPSS (primarily intended for coarse time-frequencysynchronization) and nrSSS (primarily intended for cell ID detection),each of that can be transmitted either periodically or aperiodically.For periodic transmission, nrPSS and nrSSS are transmitted either onceor N>1 times per radio frame. As previously explained, transmittingnrPSS or nrSSS multiple times is intended to enhance coverage via, forinstance, beam sweeping. For aperiodic transmission (especially relevantwhen nrPSS and nrSSS are transmitted once), nrPSS and/or nrSSS can betransmitted in any subframe/slot or a subframe/slot within a set ofallowable nrSS subframes.

In one embodiment (embodiment IV.1), nrPSS corresponds to a commonprimary synchronization sequence for a given value of cell ID.Therefore, the primary synchronization sequence does not carry anypartial cell ID information. If variable numerology (such as variablesub-carrier spacing) can be used for nrPSS, either a common primarysynchronization sequence is used for all possible values of sub-carrierspacing (thereby resulting in variable transmission bandwidth) or onedistinct primary synchronization sequences can be used for one value ofsub-carrier spacing. That is, primary synchronization sequence issub-carrier-spacing-specific.

In another embodiment (embodiment IV.2), nrPSS can carry one out of K>1primary synchronization sequences (analogous to LTE) wherein eachsequence is associated with a subset of cell ID values. Therefore,primary synchronization sequence carries partial cell ID information. Ifvariable numerology (such as variable sub-carrier spacing) can be usedfor nrPSS, either a common set of K primary synchronization sequences isused for all possible values of sub-carrier spacing (thereby resultingin variable transmission bandwidth) or one distinct set of K primarysynchronization sequences can be used for one value of sub-carrierspacing. That is, the set of K primary synchronization sequences issub-carrier-spacing-specific.

In the following, several embodiments of a multi-format nrPSS/nrSSSdesign where Q_(PSS)≥1 distinct formats of nrPSS and Q_(SSS)>1 distinctformats of nrSSS associated with one nrPSS format is described.Therefore, there can be up to Q_(PSS)×Q_(SSS) distinct nrSSS formats.

In terms of the number of transmissions (N≥1) of nrPSS/nrSSS/nrPBCH, thesame value of N can be used for nrPSS, nrSSS, and nrPBCH. This isbecause at least two of these three common signals/channels share moreor less the same coverage requirement—especially during initial accessprocedure. Here, format can include any one or combination ofsub-carrier spacing, time-frequency location, sequence design (typeand/or length), transmission bandwidth, and/or CP length for onetransmission instance of nrPSS and/or nrSSS. Therefore, two differentformats are differentiated by at least one numerology parameter. Thisfacilitates a UE to perform blind detection of the nrSSS format. Thatis, cell ID decoding attempt is repeated across all the possible formathypotheses.

In one embodiment (IV.3), Q_(PSS)=1 (a single format nrPSS) is usedwhile Q_(SSS)>1 (multi-format nrSSS) is used for different use cases.Examples of two-format nrSSS design (with a single format nrPSS) aregiven in TABLE 4. An example of a single-format nrPSS is to transmitnrPSS with a fixed and common sub-carrier spacing.

TABLE 4 Examples of two-format (Q_(PSS) = 2) nrSSS Frequency nrSSSMultiplexing domain Ex. format with nrPSS location Bandwidth Example usecases 1 1 TDM Same location Same as nrPSS Sub-6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSStransmitted with N = 1 2 FDM Fixed location Same as nrPSS >6 GHz, nrSStransmitted with N > 1 2 1 TDM Same location Same as nrPSS Sub-6 GHz,nrSS as nrPSS transmitted with N = 1 2 FDM Fixed location Wider than >6GHz, nrSS nrPSS transmitted with N > 1 3 1 TDM Same location Wider thanSub-6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSS nrPSS transmitted with N = 1 2 FDM Fixedlocation Wider than >6 GHz, nrSS nrPSS (can be transmitted with N > 1the same or different from format 1) 4 1 TDM Same location Same as nrPSSSub-6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSS transmitted with N = 1 2 TDM Same location Sameas nrPSS >6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSS transmitted with N > 1 5 1 TDM Samelocation Same as nrPSS Sub-6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSS transmitted with N = 1 2TDM Same location Wider than >6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSS nrPSS transmittedwith N ≥ 1 6 1 TDM Same location Wider than Sub-6 GHz, nrSS as nrPSSnrPSS transmitted with N = 1 2 TDM Same location Wider than >6 GHz, nrSSas nrPSS nrPSS (can be transmitted with N ≥ 1 the same or different fromformat 1)

For the examples in TABLE 4, at least one of the following features canbe used. First, the one common nrPSS format used for both nrSSS formatsis utilized primarily for coarse time-frequency synchronization. In thiscase, a narrow transmission bandwidth for nrPSS can be used. Second, bydetecting the format of nrSSS (format 1 versus format 2), the UE canacquire information on use case(s), such as single-versus multi-beamaccess, partial numerology information (sub-carrier spacing and/ortransmission bandwidth of nrSSS).

Examples 2 and 5 are illustrated in embodiments 1000 and 1010 of FIG.10, respectively. The number of OFDM symbols per subframe/slot (7) usedin these examples is chosen for illustrative purposes. Extension toother examples can be straightforwardly inferred by those familiar withthe art.

In embodiment 1000, nrPSS and format 1 nrSSS are multiplexed intime-domain across two OFDM symbols (1001) while nrPSS and format 2nrSSS are multiplexed in frequency-domain within one OFDM symbol (1002).The transmission bandwidth for nrPSS remains the same (single-valued)while the transmission bandwidth for format 2 nrSSS is larger than thatof format 1 nrSSS and nrPSS. When used with N>1 and beam sweepingarchitecture, the symbol that contains nrPSS and format 2 nrSSS (in1002) is transmitted N times.

In embodiment 1010, nrPSS and format 1 nrSSS are multiplexed intime-domain across two OFDM symbols (1011) while nrPSS and format 2nrSSS are also multiplexed in time-domain across two OFDM symbols(1012). The transmission bandwidth for nrPSS remains the same(single-valued) while the transmission bandwidth for format 2 nrSSS islarger than that of format 1 nrSSS and nrPSS. When used with N>1 andbeam sweeping architecture, the two symbols that contains nrPSS andformat 2 nrSSS (in 1012) are transmitted N times.

In another embodiment (IV.4), Q_(PSS)>1 (a multi-format nrPSS) is used.Each of the Q_(PSS) nrPSS formats can be associated with a certain usecase. For each of the nrPSS formats, Q_(SSS)>1 nrSSS formats are used inthe same manner as the previous embodiment I.

In a sub-embodiment of embodiment II (sub-embodiment II.1), each of theQ_(PSS) nrPSS formats is associated with a distinct sub-carrier spacingvalue (hence a total of Q_(PSS) sub-carrier spacing values). Forillustrative purposes, this nrPSS with variable sub-carrier spacing canbe combined with any of the examples in TABLE 4 where Q_(SSS)=2.

Yet another sub-embodiment can be designed by combining sub-embodimentII.1 with a previous embodiment where the transmission bandwidths ofnrPSS and nrSSS scale with sub-carrier spacing. For this sub-embodiment,a same (common) primary synchronization sequence can be used fordifferent values of sub-carrier spacing. For secondary synchronizationsequences, sequence length remains the same for different values ofsub-carrier spacing.

For instance, in case of example 2 or 5 from TABLE 4, nrPSS and nrSSSformat 1 occupy a same transmission bandwidth of BW_(PSS)=A×δ_(SCS)while nrSSS format 2 occupies a transmission bandwidth ofBW_(SSS2)=B×δ_(SCS). Here δ_(SCS) denotes the sub-carrier spacing thatis variable (such as {15, 30, 60, 120} kHz or {15, 60} kHz). Theconstants A and B can be chosen such that A×max{δ_(SCS)}<B×min{δ_(SCS)}or, alternatively, the sets {A×δ_(SCS)} and {B×δ_(SCS)} do not intersectwith each other.

In case of example 3 or 6 from TABLE 4 where the transmission bandwidthof format 1 nrSSS is the same as that of format 2 nrSSS, nrPSS occupiesa transmission bandwidth of BW_(PSS)=A×δ_(SCS) while nrSSS format 1 andformat 2 occupy a same transmission bandwidth of BW_(SSS)=B×δ_(SCS). Theconstants A and B can be chosen such that A×max{δ_(SCS)}<B×min{δ_(SCS)}or, alternatively, the sets {A×δ_(SCS)} and {B×δ_(SCS)} do not intersectwith each other.

In case of example 3 or 6 from TABLE 4 where the transmission bandwidthof format 1 nrSSS different from that of format 2 nrSSS, nrPSS occupiesa transmission bandwidth of BW_(PSS)=A×δ_(SCS) while nrSSS format 1 andformat 2 occupy transmission bandwidths of BW_(SSS1)=B×δ_(SCS) andBW_(SSS2)=C×δ_(SCS), respectively. The constants A, B, and C can bechosen such that A×max{δ_(SCS)}<B×min{δ_(SCS)},A×max{δ_(SCS)}<C×min{δ_(SCS)}, and the sets {B×δ_(SCS)} and {C×δ_(SCS)}do not intersect with each other. Alternatively, the constants A, B, andC can simply be chosen such that the sets {A×δ_(SCS)}, {B×δ_(SCS)}, and{C×δ_(SCS)} do not intersect with each other.

For the three example sub-embodiments in the previous paragraph,sub-carrier spacing can be detected when a UE attempts to acquire coarsetiming and frequency offset upon receiving nrPSS. Having detected thesub-carrier spacing, the UE proceeds in demodulating nrSSS by detectingcell ID and nrSSS format (for instance, 1 or 2) from nrSSS. Thisdetected format can be associated with a certain use case or numerologyparameter.

The above sub-embodiment, in case of example 6, can be illustrated inembodiment 1100 of FIG. 11. Extension to other examples (such as 2, 3,or 5) can be straightforwardly inferred by those familiar with the art.In embodiment 1100, nrPSS and nrSSS are transmitted with variablesub-carrier spacing. Here, only two values of sub-carrier spacing areshown (1101 for 15 kHz, 1111 for 30 kHz) for illustrative purposes.Extension to other values of sub-carrier spacing (such as 60 kHz and 120kHz) can be straightforwardly inferred by those skilled in the art. WhennrPSS is multiplexed with nrSSS format 1, the transmission bandwidth ofnrPSS and nrSSS is A×(15 kHz) and A×(30 kHz) for 15 kHz and 30 kHzsub-carrier spacing, respectively. When nrPSS is multiplexed with nrSSSformat 2, the transmission bandwidth of nrPSS remains A×(15 kHz) andA×(30 kHz) for 15 kHz and 30 kHz sub-carrier spacing, respectively. Onthe other hand, the transmission bandwidth for nrSSS is B×(15 kHz) andB×(30 kHz) for 15 kHz and 30 kHz sub-carrier spacing, respectively.

Based on the above design, a UE is able to detect sub-carrier spacingand format information from nrPSS and nrSSS in addition to cell ID andcoarse timing-frequency acquisition.

In another embodiment (IV.5) where Q_(SSS)=2 and Q_(PSS)≥1, a variationto the examples in TABLE 2 can be introduced with transmitting format 1nrSSS aperiodically with N=1. That is, format 1 nrSSS can be transmittedin any subframe/slot (or perhaps, with a few exceptions). Therefore, aUE can detect the presence of format 1 nrSSS as needed (analogous to LTEdiscovery signals). Format 2 nrSSS, on the other hand, is transmittedperiodically with N>1. That is, format 2 nrSSS can be transmitted onlyin a predetermined set of subframes. The value of N is transparent tothe UE.

For the fifth component (that is, embodiments for PBCH), several exampleembodiments can be described as follows.

A first issue on nrPBCH design is the transmission properties of nrPBCH.Since nrPBCH can be demodulated right after a UE detects nrSSS, it isexpected that nrPBCH share at least some of the transmission propertiesof either nrPSS or nrSSS.

Therefore, in one embodiment (V.1), nrPBCH can share some of thetransmission properties of either nrPSS or nrSSS. Such features includetransmission bandwidth (as previously defined), frequency-domainlocation(s), sub-carrier spacing, and nrPBCH symbol duration (pertransmission instance). In particular, if nrSSS transmission propertiesare different from nrPSS, nrPBCH can share the same transmissionproperties as nrSSS.

A second issue on nrPBCH design is a signal (or signals) that can beused as a reference signal for demodulating nrPBCH. For LTE, PBCHdemodulation uses CRS (where the same number of antenna ports is usedfor PBCH and transmission mode 3 or 4). For NR, different referencesignals (RSs) for measurement and demodulation (each possiblyUE-specific) will most likely be used for data demodulation and CSImeasurements. In addition, an always-on reference signal will mostlikely not available. Lastly, since a low channel coding rate (cf.effective coding rate of ˜1/48 used for LTE) will be used for nrPBCH,any UE-transparent transmit diversity (that uses one antenna port for agiven transmission instance) is expected to perform as well asfull-diversity space-frequency block code (SFBC, such as the Alamouticode).

Therefore, in another embodiment (V.2), a UE can assume that nrPBCH istransmitted along one antenna port, and the one antenna port is common(shared) with at least one of nrPSS and nrSSS. This facilitates, forexample, the use of UE-transparent transmit beamforming or beam sweepingto enhance the coverage of nrPSS, nrSSS, and/or nrPBCH.

In a sub-embodiment (V.2.1) where nrSSS and nrPBCH share the sameantenna port (in addition to sharing the same transmission bandwidthsand sub-carrier spacing), nrSSS can nrPBCH can be designed in such a waythat nrSSS can be used for demodulating nrPBCH (that is, nrSSS canfunction as a demodulation RS for nrPBCH). This can be done regardlesswhether a special demodulation RS is allocated within the OFDM symbolswhere nrPBCH is transmitted. Several options can be described as followsand illustrated in FIG. 12. The values of N and the number of OFDMsymbols per subframe/slot (7) used in these examples are forillustrative purposes.

In a first option (V.2.1.A, embodiment 1200 for N=1 and 1205 for N=4),the OFDM symbols carrying nrPSS, nrSSS, and nrPBCH are transmittedintermittently. When N>1 beams are used, this transmission pattern isrepeated N times where a triplet of nrPSS-nrSSS-nrPBCH (such as 1206)share a same antenna port. Hence, a UE can assume that nrSSS and nrPBCHexperience the same channel and transmit beamforming.

In a second option (V.2.1.B, embodiment 1210 for N=1 and 1215 for N=4),nrPSS is transmitted in one symbol while nrSSS and nrPBCH aretransmitted in another symbol with nrSSS and nrPBCH interleaved acrossREs in frequency domain. When N>1 beams are used, this transmissionpattern is repeated N times where a triplet of nrPSS-nrSSS/nrPBCH (suchas 1216) share a same antenna port. Hence, a UE can assume that nrSSSand nrPBCH experience the same channel and transmit beamforming.

In a third option (V.2.1.C, embodiment 1220 for N=1 and 1225 for N=4),nrPSS, nrSSS, and nrPBCH are transmitted in one symbol as well asinterleaved across REs in frequency domain. When N>1 beams are used,this transmission pattern is repeated N times where a triplet ofnrPSS/nrSSS/nrPBCH (such as 1226) share a same antenna port. Hence, a UEcan assume that nrSSS and nrPBCH experience the same channel andtransmit beamforming.

Each of the three options can be used in combination with themulti-format nrPSS/nrSSS embodiments in component 2 (previous section).For example, with Q_(SSS)=2, embodiment 1200 can be used for format 1nrSSS (with N=1) and embodiment 1215 can be used for format 2 nrSSS(with N=1). Alternatively, embodiment 1200 can be used for format 1nrSSS (with N>1) and embodiment 1225 can be used for format 2 nrSSS(with N>1).

For any of the above embodiments, whenever DFT-S-OFDM is used, asingle-carrier version of DFT-S-OFDM (single-carrier FDMA, SC-FDMA)where a UE is configured to transmit on a set of contiguous PRBs can beused.

For any of the above embodiments, whenever a single-stream transmissionis used, either transmit diversity or a single-port transmission can beused.

The names for UL transmission channels or waveforms are example and canbe substituted with other names or labels without changing the substanceand/or function of this embodiment.

FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart for an example method 1300 wherein a UEreceives a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS), and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH)according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, themethod 900 can be performed by the UE 116.

The method 1300 begins with the UE receiving the PSS, the SSS, and thePBCH wherein the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are time-divisionmultiplexed (step 1301). In addition, a same set of sequences are usedfor the PSS and the SSS for different carrier frequencies and differentsub-carrier spacing values. From at least the PSS and the SSS, cellidentification (cell ID) information is decoded (step 1302). Cell IDdetection can be performed along with time and/or frequency acquisition(especially during initial access). The cell ID signifies the cell inwhich the UE is served. After decoding the cell ID, the UE proceeds withdecoding a master information block (MIB) from the PBCH (step 1303). Fordifferent carrier frequencies and/or different sub-carrier spacingvalues, a same set of sequences (hence a same sequence length) are usedfor the PSS. Therefore, the number of sub-carriers used for PSS is thesame for different carrier frequencies. The same holds for the SSS. ThePSS, the SSS, and the PBCH can be transmitted using a same singleantenna port. Therefore, the UE can assume that all the three signalsshare the same channel characteristics. Furthermore, timing informationwithin each radio frame can be signaled via the PBCH or, morespecifically, included in the MIB. Therefore, the UE extracts the radioframe timing information from the PBCH (or the MIB) (step 1304).

In one embodiment, the number of sub-carriers used for the PSS is thesame as that for the SSS. In another embodiment, the number ofsub-carriers used for the SSS is the same as that for the PBCH. Inanother embodiment, the number of sub-carriers used for the PSS is thesame as that for the SSS, but smaller than that for the PBCH.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart for an example method 1400 wherein a BStransmits a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS), and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH)according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, themethod 1400 can be performed by the BS 102.

The method 1400 begins with the BS including radio timing information inPBCH or, more specifically in a Master Information Block (MIB) (step1401). The MIB is encoded in the PBCH (step 1402) and cellidentification (cell ID) information is encoded at least in the PSSand/or SSS. The cell ID signifies the cell in which a UE is served (step1403). The BS then transmits the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH in atime-division duplexing manner (step 1404).

For different carrier frequencies and/or different sub-carrier spacingvalues, a same set of sequences (hence a same sequence length) are usedfor the PSS. Therefore, the number of sub-carriers used for PSS is thesame for different carrier frequencies. The same holds for the SSS. ThePSS, the SSS, and the PBCH can be transmitted using a same singleantenna port. Furthermore, timing information within each radio framecan be signaled via the PBCH or, more specifically, included in the MIB.

In one embodiment, the number of sub-carriers used for the PSS is thesame as that for the SSS. In another embodiment, the number ofsub-carriers used for the SSS is the same as that for the PBCH. Inanother embodiment, the number of sub-carriers used for the PSS is thesame as that for the SSS, but smaller than that for the PBCH.

Although FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate examples of methods for receivingconfiguration information and configuring a UE, respectively, variouschanges could be made to FIGS. 13 and 14. For example, while shown as aseries of steps, various steps in each figure could overlap, occur inparallel, occur in a different order, occur multiple times, or not beperformed in one or more embodiments.

Although the present disclosure has been described with an exampleembodiment, various changes and modifications can be suggested by or toone skilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosureencompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of theappended claims.

What is claimed:
 1. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a transceiverconfigured to receive (i) synchronization signals (SSs) including aprimary SS (PSS) and a secondary SS (SSS) and (ii) a primary broadcastchannel (PBCH); and a processor operably connected to the transceiver,the processor configured to decode cell identification information fromat least the PSS and the SSS and to decode a master information block(MIB) from the PBCH; wherein the PSS and the PBCH are time-divisionmultiplexed, wherein a sequence length of the PSS and the SSS is thesame for different subcarrier spacings (SCSs) such that a frequencybandwidth for a synchronization signal and primary broadcast channel(SS/PBCH) block transmission scales linearly with a value of a SCS,wherein timing information within a radio frame is signaled via thePBCH, and wherein the processor is further configured to use the timinginformation to determine a symbol timing of a received DL signal.
 2. TheUE of claim 1, wherein: a same set of PSS sequences are used for the PSSfor the different SCSs, and a same set of SSS sequences are used for theSSS for the different SCSs.
 3. The UE of claim 2, wherein a number ofsub-carriers used for the PSS is the same as a number of sub-carriersused for the SSS.
 4. The UE of claim 2, wherein a number of sub-carriersused for the PSS is the same as a number of sub-carriers used for theSSS and smaller than a number of sub-carriers used for the PBCH.
 5. TheUE of claim 1, wherein the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are transmittedusing a same single antenna port.
 6. The UE of claim 1, wherein thetiming information is included in the MIB.
 7. The UE of claim 1, whereinthe PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are received in the SS/PBCH blocktransmission.
 8. A base station (BS) comprising: a processor configuredto: encode cell identification information in synchronization signals(SSs) including a primary SS (PSS) and a secondary SS (SSS); and encodea master information block (MIB) in a primary broadcast channel (PBCH);and a transceiver operably connected to the processor, the transceiverconfigured to transmit the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH; wherein the PSSand the PBCH are time-division multiplexed, wherein a sequence length ofthe PSS and the SSS is the same for different subcarrier spacings (SCSs)such that a frequency bandwidth for a synchronization signal and primarybroadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block transmission scales linearly with avalue of a SCS, wherein timing information within a radio frame issignaled via the PBCH, and wherein the timing information is used todetermine a symbol timing of a received DL signal.
 9. The BS of claim 8,wherein: a same set of PSS sequences are used for the PSS for thedifferent SCSs, and a same set of SSS sequences are used for the SSS forthe different SCSs.
 10. The BS of claim 8, wherein: the PSS, the SSS,and the PBCH are transmitted using a same single antenna port, and thePSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are transmitted in the SS/PBCH blocktransmission.
 11. The BS of claim 8, wherein the timing information isincluded in the MIB.
 12. The BS of claim 8, wherein a number ofsub-carriers used for the PSS is the same as a number of sub-carriersused for the SSS.
 13. The BS of claim 8, wherein a number ofsub-carriers used for the PSS is the same as a number of sub-carriersused for the SSS and smaller than a number of sub-carriers used for thePBCH.
 14. A method for operating a user equipment (UE), the methodcomprising: receiving (i) synchronization signals (SSs) including aprimary SS (PSS) and a secondary SS (SSS) and (ii) a primary broadcastchannel (PBCH); decoding cell identification information from at leastthe PSS and the SSS; decoding a master information block (MIB) from thePBCH, wherein: the PSS and the PBCH are time-division multiplexed,wherein a sequence length of the PSS and the SSS is the same fordifferent subcarrier spacings (SCSs) such that a frequency bandwidth fora synchronization signal and primary broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocktransmission scales linearly with a value of a SCS, and timinginformation within each radio frame is signaled via the PBCH; and usingthe timing information to determine a symbol timing of a received DLsignal.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein: a same set of PSS sequencesare used for the PSS for the different SCSs, and a same set of SSSsequences are used for the SSS for the different SCSs.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the timing information is included in the MIB.
 17. Themethod of claim 15, wherein a number of sub-carriers used for the PSS isthe same as a number of sub-carriers used for the SSS.
 18. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are received in theSS/PBCH block transmission.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein a numberof sub-carriers used for the PSS is the same as a number of sub-carriersused for the SSS and smaller than a number of sub-carriers used for thePBCH.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCHare transmitted using a same single antenna port.